NAD+

NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a naturally occurring coenzyme present in all living cells and investigated in research for its central role in cellular energy and metabolic regulation. It participates in redox reactions (processes that transfer electrons to produce cellular energy) and is studied for its involvement in DNA repair mechanisms and cellular stress-response pathways. NAD⁺ also functions as a key cofactor for enzymes such as sirtuins and PARPs (proteins involved in cellular maintenance and genomic stability). In laboratory settings, NAD⁺ is examined for its role in energy metabolism, cellular resilience, and longevity-related biological pathways.